1. Function Overloading : Function overloading enables the implementation of multiple functions with the same name but with different parameters.The programmer can distinguish the functions by number of parameters, datatype of parameters and return type.
In this program, the “area” function is overloaded within the “shape” class. There are three “area” functions:
(i) The first function with an integer argument (for calculating the area of a square).
(ii) The second function with two integer arguments (for calculating the area of a rectangle).
(iii) The third function with  a double argument (for calculating the area of a circle).
This allows the program to call the appropriate “area” function based on the number and types of arguments , passed by the user.

2. Default Arguments : Default arguments provide default values for function parameters, if  there is no argument value is passed during the function call. This default argument is defined by the programmer.
In the above program, the “area” function for calculating the area of a circle has a default argument for “pi” with a value of 3.14. If the user does not provide a value for “pi” when calling this function, it will use the default value of 3.14.

3. Inline Functions :  Inline functions are functions whose code is expanded at the time of the function call, rather than being executed through a function call mechanism.
In the above program, the “area” function for calculating the area of a square is declared as an inline function using the “inline” keyword. This means that the function call is replaced with the actual code of the function during compilation, which can result in faster execution compared to a regular function call.

We hope this article has helped readers learn how to write a C++ program to demonstrate function overloading, default arguments, and inline functions. This C++ practical program is  included in the I year BCA TANSCHE syllabus.

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